F. 德·索绪尔（F. de Saussure）是后世学者公认的结构主义的创始人，现代语言学理论的奠基者，把语言学塑造成一门影响巨大的独立学科。
目錄：
ContentsTranslators IntroductionPreface to the First EditionPreface to the Second EditionPreface to the Third EditionINTRODUCTIONCHAPTER I. A brief survey of the history of linguisticsCHAPTER II. Data and aims of linguistics: connexions with related sciencesCHAPTER III. The object of studyCHAPTER IV. Linguistics of language structure and linguistics of speechCHAPTER V. Internal and external elements of a languageCHAPTER VI. Representation of a language by writingCHAPTER VII. Physiological phoneticsAPPENDIXPRINCIPLES OF PHYSIOLOGICAL PHONETICSCHAPTER I. Sound typesCHAPTER II. Sounds in spoken sequencesEditorial notePART ONEGENERAL PRINCIPLESCHAPTER I. Nature of the linguistic signCHAPTER II. Invariability and variability of the signCHAPTER III. Static linguistics and evolutionary linguisticsPART TWOSYNCHRONIC LINGUISTICSCHAPTER I. General observationsCHAPTER II. Concrete entities of a languageCHAPTER III. Identities， realities， valuesCHAPTER IV. Linguistic valueCHAPTER V. Syntagmatic relations and associative relationsCHAPTER VI. The language mechanismCHAPTER VII. Grammar and its subdivisionsCHAPTER VIII. Abstract entities in grammarPART THREEDIACHRONIC LINGUISTICSCHAPTER I. General observationsCHAPTER II. Sound changesCHAPTER III. Grammatical consequences of phonetic evolutionCHAPTER IV. AnalogyCHAPTER V. Analogy and evolutionCHAPTER VI. Popular etymologyCHAPTER VII. AgglutinationCHAPTER VIII. Diachronic units， identities and realitiesAPPENDICES TO PARTS TWO AND THREEA.Subjective and objective analysisB.Subjective analysis and determination of units smaller than the wordC.EtymologyPART FOURGEOGRAPHICAL LINGUISTICSCHAPTER I. On the diversity of languagesCHAPTER II. Geographical diversity: its complexityCHAPTER III. Causes of geographical diversityCHAPTER IV. Propagation of linguistic wavesPART FIVEQUESTIONS OF RETROSPECTIVE LINGUISTICSCONCLUSIONCHAPTER I. The two perspectives of diachronic linguisticsCHAPTER II. Earliest languages and prototypesCHAPTER III. ReconstructionsCHAPTER IV. Linguistic evidence in anthropology and prehistoryINDEX
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